The development of grammar - stages in grammatical growth

          

My post is based on David Crystal`s Encyclopedia connected with grammar leaning and  stages of grammatical growth. In my previous post I talked about the legal and scientific English, but this time I am going to talk about another essential part of language like grammar. As we all know grammar learning is a continuous process and connected with some stages as well. If we talk about children we should say that they are able to speak correctly without knowing the rules. They express the same word order as the  adults. By all means this do not accurse immediately,children and each of us need some time for that. We pass through several stages in order to express more correct grammatical sentences. Most of the children pass through holophrastic stage. In this stage children express one word which can have the meaning of whole phrase or sentence. For instance, a child can say daddy or papa when hears door bell. There are 50 words which children say most of all during holophrastic stage. Some of these words are uh – oh, down, baby, shoes ,coat and so on. It is interesting that words like mama and daddy are not the first words that a child pronounces. During another stage which is called two – word stage a child is able to pronounce Subject – Verb construction. For example, baby bad, baby like, gone milk and so on. I should say that this book gave us lots of information connected with the English language. Many things which are connected with the English language became more familiar to all of us.

Egypt - Abydos

ABYDOS

My current blog post  is from the Archeology: Egypt podcast. We all know that Egypt is one of the ancient countries in the world and there are many mysteries connected with that coutry`s history  and culture. The most attractive things in Egypt are pyramids by all means. Millions of tourists visit this country in order to admire fascinating picturesquare. So one of the famous archeologists Dr. David O`Coner was talking about Abydos. As he mentioned Abydos is one of the most ancient cities of Upper Egypt and during those days it was called Addju. Abydos lies  west of the Nail river and it is considered as a sacred city. Nowadays  many steps are taken in order to protect this ancient city from modern developments, as new buildings  are constructed here. Abydos was a mysterious place for many Egyptians despite having  religious importance. Even nowadays many Egyptians visit this city for religious rituals. Abydos has some important archeological features such as ancient symmetries  and temples .According to Dr. David O`Coner the pharaohs of the first dynasty were buried here, including Narmer the creator of this dynasty. But some pharaohs of the  second dynasty also were buried here. This city is famous for its temple  Seti I in the nineteenth  dynasty.
It is interesting that many pharaohs built temples in their honor. The same thing I can say about Armenian old cities and its Kings. I think it is really nice when a nation have cities that are very important for them.

Legal and scientific english

My current post is connected with the Legal English. According to  David Crystal`s  Encyclopedia of the  English Language the legal language is connected with the two varieties such as religion and science. Firstly, I would like to define word legal - means established  by or permitted by law, lawful. In legal English language is coherent like in science and shares with religion respect towards traditions and rituals. Here I have to mention that there are several types of legal English varieties. It is used in documents which are legal like deeds, contracts, wills, policies .In legal English the language of case low and spoken language of courtroom exists.The English legal language is interesting and unique. Legal language has to carry such responsibilities that other varieties of language does not have to. Legal English in this case has developed and complicate grammatical structure. Also it is repetitive and has long list of items like debts, bills, accounts…….
The English language which is used in the courtrooms is mostly connected with  smallest of grammatical and lexical characteristics. For instance, using modal verbs there should not be misinterpretation between obligation and discretion. Here I should mention the name of Sir William Blackstone whose Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765 – 9) was the very first comprehensive description of  the main principles of English law. Sir William Blackstone is considered as one of the most interesting personalities in England. My next chapter is connected with scientific English. Definitely it has challenging vocabulary, the structure and discourse of sentences makes scientific English more complicated. In scientific English there are some words which are the typical characteristics of those things. For instance, the name of plants characterizes them .In scientific English 62 % of words are lexical and 38% of words are grammatical. Such features like noun phrases with complicated structures are normal in scientific English. I liked those two chapters because they gave me a great deal of information about two aspects of the English language scientific and legal English. I hope my peers will like them also.

 

Life After Cancer

 In my blogposts I tried  to talk about different diseases from time to time. In one of my posts I was talking about  the  Parkinson`s  Disease. In this post I am going to talk  about breast cancer  and life after it. According to Yale Cancer Center Research podcast many women survived from breast cancer. Several patients were talking about their disease with  great enthusiasm and better hopes. One of the doctors said that most of the women  after finishing their treatment celebrate it with friends and family members. In this cases the support of family members is very essential  and they are involved into the process of treatment as well.The doctor also mentioned  that many women feel insecure and have some mixed  emotions after treatment but this is normal by all means.  As a matter of fact there are some treatment ways for breast cancer. For instance, treatment possibilities include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immune therapy .Of course,  many patients feel secure after every week. It is really fantastic that many women start to get well and back to normal life. Breast cancer is the second most common disease during which it is difficult to concentrate on something. Most of the women gain weight and it is one of the basic problems.
Cancer patients are not active and they need to regain their physical functioning. One of the survivors said that at first she was visiting her doctor every three months, then every fifth and sixth months, then annually. She said that everyone should follow the guideline and visit doctors on time. It is really wonderful when such people have better hopes for future. They do not give up and struggle for their lives. Actually I like such posts because they encourage me.